The Role of Higher Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Intentions among Pakistani Students

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between higher education and entrepreneurial intentions among Pakistani university students through a quantitative research approach. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 450 students from 15 universities across major Pakistani cities using stratified random sampling. The research utilized established scales including the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire and Theory of Planned Behavior constructs to measure entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and educational exposure. Results revealed significant positive correlations between entrepreneurial education exposure and entrepreneurial intentions (r = 0.742, p < 0.001). Students enrolled in business programs demonstrated higher entrepreneurial intentions compared to other disciplines. Private university students showed stronger entrepreneurial attitudes than public university counterparts. Multiple regression analysis indicated that entrepreneurship courses, university support systems, and perceived behavioral control collectively explained 68.5% of variance in entrepreneurial intentions. The findings suggest that higher education institutions play a crucial role in shaping entrepreneurial mindsets through structured programs, supportive environments, and practical exposure to business concepts.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial intentions, higher education, Pakistani students, entrepreneurship education, Theory of Planned Behavior, university environment, business education