An Exploratory Investigation of Out of School Children. A Study focuses on the Enrolment And Retention Of Children at secondary level

Abstract

This study explores the pressing issue of out-of-school children (OOSC) in West Karachi, Pakistan, focusing on the factors influencing their enrollment and retention in formal education. Despite policy interventions and initiatives to enhance access to education, many children in the region remain excluded from schooling. To address the enduring issue, this research employs a qualitative exploratory study using the case-study approach to investigate the phenomena. Data were collected using 28 in-depth interviews with teachers and school leaders to explore the reasons contributing to the issue. Using purposive sampling, the school was chosen with a high ratio of dropout and retention issues. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings show that the main factors responsible are early marriages, financial strain, and limited access to educational facilities. Furthermore, the results also highlight the role of socioeconomic and cultural factors impacting school attendance. Findings offer recommendations to address these barriers and support inclusive education policies.