Operation Bunyan un Marsoos: A Critical Analysis of Human Rights Compliance A Study of the Operation's Adherence to Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law

Abstract

This research critically analyzes Operation Bunyan un Marsoos, Pakistan's strategic military response during the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict, with a specific focus on its adherence to human rights law and international humanitarian law. The conflict, initiated by India's unprovoked Operation Sindoor, saw India launch missile strikes on alleged terrorist camps in Pakistan, which Pakistan unequivocally denied, asserting that Indian aggression targeted civilian areas including mosques. This study highlights India's repeated violations of international law, including its indiscriminate attacks on civilian infrastructure and religious sites, such as Hindu and Sikh temples, and the subsequent baseless accusations against Pakistan. In stark contrast, Operation Bunyan un Marsoos, launched by Pakistan, demonstrated exemplary precision and adherence to international legal frameworks, targeting only Indian military bases and installations. Pakistan’s decisive actions, including the successful interception of numerous Indian aircraft and drones and the effective neutralization of key Indian military assets, underscore its commitment to minimizing collateral damage and upholding human rights even amidst conflict. The United States' pivotal role in facilitating the ceasefire further validates Pakistan’s principled stance and the international community's recognition of the urgent need to de-escalate Indian belligerence. This analysis concludes that Operation Bunyan un Marsoos stands as a testament to Pakistan's military prowess and its unwavering commitment to human rights and international law, in stark contrast to India's blatant disregard for established norms.