Russia-Africa Relations Post-Ukraine Invasion: Neo-Colonialism or Strategic Partnership?
Abstract
Russia’s renewed engagement with Africa in the aftermath of its 2022 invasion of Ukraine has sparked significant global attention, raising questions about whether this relationship represents a form of neo-colonialism or a mutually beneficial strategic partnership. This study aims to critically assess the evolving nature of Russia-Africa relations in the post-invasion period, focusing on the balance of power, economic exchange, and political alignment. Framed within the theoretical lens of Dependency Theory, the research explores the power asymmetries and structural inequalities that shape the interactions between Russia and African states. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study examines speeches, policy documents, bilateral agreements, and media reports from 2022 to 2025 to identify dominant themes and strategic trends. Interpretation of data is conducted through thematic analysis to contextualize Russia's foreign policy discourse and Africa’s strategic responses. The findings suggest that while Russia presents itself as a counter-hegemonic partner to the West, its economic and military engagements often reflect exploitative patterns resembling neo-colonial dynamics, particularly in resource-rich and politically fragile African states. However, select African nations have leveraged these relations to diversify their foreign partnerships and assert diplomatic autonomy. The study recommends increased African agency through regional coordination to negotiate more equitable terms of engagement. Future implications highlight the need to monitor the long-term socio-political impacts of Russian involvement, particularly regarding governance, security, and sovereignty. In conclusion, Russia-Africa relations post-Ukraine invasion remain a complex blend of strategic interests and structural dependency, requiring nuanced policy responses.
Key Words: Russia, Africa, Ukraine invasion, neo-colonialism, strategic partnership, Dependency Theory, foreign policy
